Abstract

This paper presents a fuel cell hybrid electric propulsion system (FCHEPS) that integrates hydrogen fuel cell, cryogenic cooling, and superconducting technology, specifically designed for modern twin-engine turboprop regional aircraft. A parametric modeling approach was applied to key components, including hydrogen fuel cells, superconducting motors, and liquid hydrogen tanks. Additionally, a micro-channel plate hydrogen-helium heat exchanger (HX) was developed to maintain the optimal inlet temperature for the fuel cell and to cool cryogenic components. Energy management strategies based on state machine (SM) and equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) were developed to achieve optimal power distribution. Simulation results across cruise and emergency mission profiles validated the effectiveness of the powertrain configuration, analysis model and energy management strategies. The ECMS method demonstrated minimal fuel consumption and maximum energy conversion efficiency, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with frequent power demand fluctuations.

Abstract

Ammonia-hydrogen hybrid vehicles have emerged in recent years as zero carbon emissions vehicles, garnering significant attention from researchers. Currently, related research is primarily focused on ammonia-hydrogen internal combustion engines, while the overall power configuration and energy management methods for these vehicles remain underdeveloped. Therefore, this paper proposes an ammonia-hydrogen hybrid power system based on ammonia thermal decomposition technology, effectively leveraging hydrogen’s high combustion speed and ammonia’s high energy density. Additionally, a rule-based energy management method for this system was designed and optimized using a breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm, achieving promising results. The proposed energy management method not only provides a valuable reference for related research but also offers practical guidance for engineering applications.

Abstract

Wearable thermoelectric coolers (TECs), applicable in both indoor and outdoor environments, directly cool the human body surface and are considered to have much higher energy efficiency compared to compressor-based air-conditioners. However, the low coefficient of performance (COP) of TECs continues to be a significant burden on lithium-ion batteries, limiting the widespread use of TEC-based wearable coolers. In this study, we propose a novel water-electricity hybrid energy system by utilizing the water evaporation and capillary effect of water to solve the high electricity consumption issue of TECs. The novel water-electricity energy system-based cooler saves 81.8% of the electricity required to reach the lowest cooling temperature of a traditional TEC, by keeping the same size to the TEC. The excellent cooling capability enables the provision of cooling air, significantly increasing the practicality of the cooler compared with conductive models, and substantially contributing to energy conservation in both indoor and outdoor environments.