Volume 51

Adoption of PV+EV Integration for Deep Decarbonization in Bali, Indonesia Ratu Keni Atika, Takuro Kobashi

Abstract

Integration of rooftop photovoltaics and electric vehicle as battery is a promising technology to deeply decarbonize Bali, Indonesia because of Bali’s high sun altitude angle. In this study, we used techno-economic analyses to evaluate the decarbonization potentials of rooftop PV system integrated with battery in EVs in year 2019 and 2030 for Bali when technology price is expected to decline. Adoption of only rooftop PV in 2019 brings cost benefits to only few regions in Bali owing to the high prices of PV system. In 2030, widescale adoption of rooftop PV in all Bali can bring 5%-38% of cost saving and 30%-43% CO2 emission reduction. Performance further increases by adopting widescale integration of EVs as battery for rooftop PV, resulting 8%-41% cost saving and 72%-96% CO2 reduction, indicating deep decarbonization is possible by enhanced uses of rooftop PVs integrated with EV as battery in Bali.

Keywords renewable energy, climate change, decarbonization, photovoltaics, electric vehicles, techno-economy analyses